Mobile device security, device management, and policy enforcement in a cloud-based system

ABSTRACT

Mobile device security, device management, and policy enforcement are described in a cloud-based system where the “cloud” is used to pervasively enforce security and policy and perform device management regardless of device type, platform, location, etc. A method includes receiving one or more mobile profiles for one or more mobile devices each associated with a user from an enterprise; responsive to enrollment of a mobile device of the one or more mobile devices, communicating to the mobile device; determining an associated mobile profile of the one or more mobile profiles for the mobile device; and configuring the mobile device based on the associated mobile profile.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/469,193, filed Sep. 8, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/925,575, filed Jul. 10, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No.11,134,106 issued on Sep. 28, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/680,766, filed Nov. 12, 2019, now U.S.Pat. No. 10,749,907 issued on Aug. 18, 2020, which was a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/154,328, filed May 13, 2016, nowU.S. Pat. No. 10,523,710 issued on Dec. 31, 2019, which was acontinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/315,002 filed Dec.8, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,369,433 issued on Jun. 14, 2016, andentitled “CLOUD-BASED SOCIAL NETWORKING POLICY AND COMPLIANCE SYSTEMSAND METHODS,” the contents of which are incorporated in full byreference herein.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/315,002 was a continuation-in-partof the foregoing U.S. patent applications/patents, the contents of eachare incorporated in full by reference herein.

Filing Date Ser. No. Issue Date Pat. No. Title Mar. 18, 2011 13/051,519SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR Jun. 24, 2014 8,763,071 MOBILE APPLICATIONSECURITY CLASSIFICATION AND ENFORCEMENT Aug. 9, 2011 13/206,337CLOUD-BASED MOBILE DEVICE Jun. 16, 2015 9,060,239 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ANDMETHODS Sep. 23, 2011 13/243,807 CLOUD-BASED MOBILE DEVICE Aug. 25, 20159,119,017 SECURITY AND POLICY ENFORCEMENT

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Generally, the field of art of the present disclosure pertains tocomputer and network systems and methods, and more particularly, tomobile device security, device management, and policy enforcement in acloud-based system where the “cloud” is used to pervasively enforcesecurity and policy and perform device management regardless of devicetype, platform, location, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND ART

The adoption of smart mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, etc.by consumers and enterprises is occurring at a staggering rate. It isestimated that such devices will shortly eclipse the annual shipments ofdesktop and laptop computers. Employees frequently bring mobile devicesinto work, i.e. in the enterprise. With the proliferation of mobiledevices in the enterprise, Information Technology (IT) administratorscan no longer ignore these devices as outside their scope ofresponsibility. In fact, mobile devices are now as powerful as laptopcomputers. Employees want to access corporate data and the Internetthrough wireless networks such as Wi-Fi hotspots (IEEE 802.11 andvariants thereof) or cellular data networks (e.g., 3G/4G, WiMax, etc.)which are outside the control of IT. On mobile devices, the line betweenenterprise and personal usage is blurred. Since the enterprise typicallydoes not own the device, enforcing policies for acceptable usage orinstalling application controls as a traditional IT administrator wouldon a corporate PC, is often not viable for a Bring Your Own Device(BYOD) scenario.

Conventionally, security vendors have responded to emerging mobilethreats by extending the desktop antivirus concept to mobile devices inthe form of “security apps.” Unlike the personal computer (PC) world,which is dominated by Microsoft, there are several different mobileoperating systems such as systems from Apple, Android, Windows Mobile,Blackberry, Symbian, Palm/HP, etc. Each platform has its own softwaredevelopment environment and a security vendor developing mobile securityapps has to replicate the effort across various platforms. Furthermore,some platforms such as Apple iOS do not allow traditional antivirus appson their devices. Loading third party apps not approved by the platformvendor may lead to a violation of the contract and often requiresjailbreaking the device which is definitely not an enterprise option.Even if security apps are allowed, they are a headache to deploy,require constant updates, and are easy to circumvent, i.e. the user cansimply uninstall them if they are disliked. Worst of all, the securityapps impact device performance and degrade the user experience bystretching the already limited processor, memory, and battery resourceson the mobile device.

The term Web 2.0 is associated with web applications that facilitateparticipatory information sharing, interoperability, user-centereddesign, and collaboration on the World Wide Web. A Web 2.0 site allowsusers to interact and collaborate with each other in a social mediadialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community,in contrast to websites where users are limited to the passive viewingof content that was created for them. The Web 2.0 has created a numberof applications that are changing the way businesses work and interactwith their customers and partners. Social and business networking sitesare a source of critical information and communication that can lead toimproved products and better customer support. Blogs provide immediatefeedback to enterprises. Streaming media sites allow better presentationof business products and services, which allow customers to make betterdecisions in buying them. While social and streaming sites are useful, alarge number of sites have emerged that can create liabilities andproductivity losses for organizations. For example, studies have shownbrowsing MySpace and Facebook during business hours leads to lowerproductivity. Employees that, often unknowingly, publish inappropriatecontent on sites such as Blogger or publish sensitive or privateinformation on social networks can create legal liability. Someenterprises have responded by blocking these websites completely, butthis has created a backlash from employees. Progressive organizationswant to use social networks such as Facebook to create communities ofinterest to promote their goods or services. What is needed is asolution providing a right level of access to the right person, wherebydifferent users, based on their needs, can be provided access based on aflexible policy.

Mobile devices include various constraints related to security, devicemanagement, and policy enforcement. First, mobile devices are usuallyoutside of the enterprise's control (BYOD). Second, mobile deviceplatforms are typically closed with respect to security softwarethereon. With the proliferation of mobile devices and their reach intoenterprise networks, there is a need for a cloud-based approach forsecurity, device management, and policy enforcement.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an exemplary embodiment, a method, a non-transitory computer-readablemedium with computer readable code stored thereon, and a server areconfigured to perform steps of monitoring traffic between a mobiledevice and a network, wherein the cloud-based system is implemented asan overlay network relative to the mobile device and the network;analyzing the traffic from the mobile device to the network, forenforcing policy thereon, wherein the policy includes a set of useguidelines associated with the user of the mobile device; and blockingor allowing the traffic from the mobile device to the network based onthe analyzing. The traffic can include both browser and applicationgenerated web traffic from the mobile device. The steps can furtherinclude providing a notification to the mobile device based on theanalyzing. The policy can include detection of confidential data beingsent from the mobile device to the network. The policy can include anyof data usage, time-of-day, location, type of website, use of aparticular application on the mobile device, and a black list ofwebsites. The steps can further include receiving updates to the policyfor the user; and performing the analyzing with the updates to thepolicy. The steps can further include inspecting content associated withthe traffic from the network to the mobile device for detection ofmalicious content; and blocking the malicious content based on theinspecting. The inspecting content can include detecting a security riskincluding any of malware, spyware, viruses, email spam, data leakage,phishing content, Trojans, and botnets. The steps can further includeallowing or disallowing various functions implemented locally on themobile device.

In an exemplary embodiment, a method, a non-transitory computer-readablemedium with computer readable code stored thereon, and a server areconfigured to perform steps of monitoring traffic between a mobiledevice and an external network in a cloud-based system separate from themobile device and the external network; enforcing policy with respect tothe traffic from the mobile device to the external network to determinewhether to block or allow the traffic from the mobile device to theexternal network; and inspecting content associated with the trafficfrom the external network to the mobile device to determine whether toblock or allow the traffic from the external network to the mobiledevice. The steps can also include blocking or allowing the traffic fromthe mobile device to the external network based on the policy. The stepscan also include blocking or allowing the traffic from the externalnetwork to the mobile device based on the inspecting.

The policy can include any of data usage, time-of-day, location, type ofwebsite, use of a particular application on the mobile device, dataleakage protection, and a black list of websites. The inspecting contentcan include detecting a security risk including any of malware, spyware,viruses, email spam, data leakage, phishing content, Trojans, andbotnets. The steps can also include causing a notification on the mobiledevice responsive to the policy or the inspecting. The steps can alsoinclude allowing or disallowing various functions implemented locally onthe mobile device. The various functions can include any of installationof specified applications, use of specified applications, use of screencapture, use of voice dialing, use of games, use of social media, use ofstreaming media, web browser usage, and use of Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth.

In an exemplary embodiment, a cloud-based method for mobile devicesecurity, device management, and policy enforcement of the mobile devicecommunicatively coupled to an external network through a cloud systemincludes, responsive to configuring the mobile device for connectivityto the cloud system, monitoring data between the mobile device and theexternal network, wherein the cloud system connects to the mobile deviceindependent of a type, platform, or operating system associated with themobile device; analyzing the data in real-time in the cloud systemthereby not impacting performance of the mobile device; and controllingexchange of the data, in the cloud system, between the mobile device andthe external network based on the analyzing. The analyzing can includedetecting a security threat including one or more of malware, spyware,viruses, email spam, data leakage, phishing content, Trojans, andbotnets. The analyzing can include detecting a policy violationincluding one or more access attempts to destinations not allowed perpolicy. The analyzing can include detecting a policy violation includingone or more of blacklisted content, undesirable content, operation of aspecific application, use of a specific social networking site, datausage, time of day, and location. The configuring the connectivity caninclude a tunneling protocol between the mobile device and the cloudsystem.

The tunneling protocol can include a Virtual Private Network (VPN), andwherein the VPN is natively supported by an operating system of themobile device and an enterprise associated with the external networkpushes profile to the mobile device for the configuring, enabling accessto the external network through the mobile device. The configuring theconnectivity can include a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) proxy. TheHTTP proxy can be natively supported by an operating system of themobile device and an enterprise associated with the external networkpushes profile to the mobile device for the configuring, enabling accessto the external network through the mobile device. The cloud-basedmethod can further include performing mobile device management on themobile device via the cloud system to configure the mobile device foruse with the external network, wherein the mobile device management caninclude enforcement one or more policies on the mobile device. The oneor more policies can include one or more of password access to themobile device, screen lock of the mobile device, a remote wipe of themobile device, and enablement and disablement of hardware or softwarefeatures of the mobile device.

In another exemplary embodiment, a cloud node in a cloud systemconfigured to perform mobile device security, device management, andpolicy enforcement includes a network interface communicatively coupledto a mobile device and to an external network; a processorcommunicatively coupled to the network interface; and memory storinginstructions that, when executed, cause the processor to, responsive tothe mobile device being configured for connectivity to the cloud node,monitor data between the mobile device and the external network, whereinthe cloud node connects to the mobile device independent of a type,platform, or operating system associated with the mobile device; analyzethe data in real-time in the cloud node thereby not impactingperformance of the mobile device; and control exchange of the data, inthe cloud system, between the mobile device and the external networkbased on analysis of the data.

In a further exemplary embodiment. a cloud system includes a pluralityof cloud nodes communicatively coupled to an external network and aplurality of mobile devices, each cloud node of the plurality of cloudnodes is configured to: responsive to the mobile device being configuredfor connectivity to the cloud node, monitor data between the mobiledevice and the external network, wherein the cloud node connects to themobile device independent of a type, platform, or operating systemassociated with the mobile device; analyze the data in real-time in thecloud node thereby not impacting performance of the mobile device; andcontrol exchange of the data, in the cloud system, between the mobiledevice and the external network based on analysis of the data.

In another further exemplary embodiment, a cloud-based method forenforcing policy of a user communicatively coupled to an externalnetwork through a cloud system includes a cloud node monitoring allcommunication between the user and the external network; forcommunication to Web 2.0 sites in the external network from the user,the cloud node allowing or blocking user generated data to the Web 2.0sites based on the policy; and for communication from the Web 2.0 sitesto the user, the cloud node inspecting data prior to sending the data tothe user. In another exemplary embodiment, a cloud network configuredfor enforcing website policy includes a plurality of cloud nodescommunicatively coupled to an external network and a plurality of users,each of the plurality of cloud nodes is configured to establish aconnection with a user of the plurality of users; provide the usercommunication access to the external network; and while providing thecommunication access to the external network, enforcing policy on theuser's activity associated with at least one Web 2.0 website, the atleast one Web 2.0 website includes a social networking site. In yetanother exemplary embodiment, a cloud node includes a network interfacecommunicatively coupled to a user and to an external network, theexternal network including at least one Web 2.0 site; a processorcommunicatively coupled to the network interface and configured toinspect all communication between the user and the external network; forcommunication to the at least one Web 2.0 site from the user, allow orblock user generated data to the Web 2.0 sites based on policy; and forcommunication from the at least one Web 2.0 site sites to the user,inspect data for policy compliance and malicious content prior tosending the data to the user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)

Exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure areillustrated and described herein with reference to various drawings, inwhich like reference numbers denote like method steps and/or systemcomponents, respectively, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a network diagram of a distributed security system which maybe utilized for mobile device security and policy enforcement,cloud-based social networking policy and compliance systems and methods,and the like;

FIG. 2 is a network diagram of the distributed security system of FIG. 1illustrating various components in more detail;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a server which may be used in thedistributed security system of FIG. 1 or standalone;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a mobile device which may be used in thesystem of FIG. 1 or with any other cloud-based system;

FIG. 5 is a network diagram of a cloud system for implementingcloud-based mobile device management (MDM), mobile device security andpolicy enforcement, and cloud-based social networking policy andcompliance systems and methods;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart and a network diagram of an Exchange ActiveSyncprovisioning method for the cloud system of FIG. 5 or the distributedsecurity system of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart and a network diagram of another ExchangeActiveSync provisioning method for the cloud system of FIG. 5 or thedistributed security system of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart and a network diagram illustrate a platformspecific MDM configuration for the cloud system of FIG. 5 or thedistributed security system of FIG. 1 ;

FIGS. 9-14 are graphical user interfaces (GUI) illustrate screen shotsof an MDM provisioning platform associated with the cloud system of FIG.5 or the distributed security system of FIG. 1 ;

FIGS. 15 and 16 are GUIs of screen shots of reporting and graphingassociated with the cloud-based MDM system and method;

FIGS. 17A and 17B are network diagrams of a network of an exemplaryimplementation with one or more mobile devices communicatively coupledto an external network via a distributed security system, a cloudsystem, or the like;

FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a mobile device use method for using acloud-based security system with a mobile device;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a mobile application classification method forclassifying applications associated with mobile devices;

FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a mobile device security method using acloud-based security system with a mobile device.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart and screen shots of an exemplary operation ofIPsec VPN with cloud-based mobile device security and policy systems andmethods;

FIG. 22 is a flowchart and screen shots of an exemplary operation ofJunos Pulse Secure Socket Layer (SSL) with cloud-based mobile devicesecurity and policy systems and methods.

FIGS. 23-26 are GUI screen shots of security and policy enforcement inthe cloud on a mobile device;

FIG. 27 is a GUI screen shot of a user interface for a networkadministrator of a cloud-based security system;

FIG. 28 is a flowchart of a cloud-based inline Web 2.0 policyenforcement method;

FIG. 29 is a flowchart of a cloud-based Web 2.0 post policy withquarantine method; and

FIG. 30 is a flowchart of a cloud-based inline Web 2.0 policyenforcement with site agent method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In various exemplary embodiments, the present invention relates tomobile device security, device management, and policy enforcement in acloud-based system where the “cloud” is used to enforce security andpolicy pervasively and perform device management regardless of devicetype, platform, location, etc. Also, the present invention relates tocloud-based social networking policy and compliance systems and methodsto use the “cloud” to pervasively enforce security and policy onwebsites such as social networking sites. The cloud-based systems andmethods provide a cloud-based social networking policy enforcement andcompliance system that gives enterprises full control and visibilityinto what their employees are seeing and posting to various websites. Inparticular, the cloud-based systems and methods provide an enterprise tohave granular policy-based Web 2.0 control and detailed compliancereports. Unique, customized policies may be applied to groups and/orindividuals. Policies may be customized based on application. Dataleakage may be avoided by prevention of file uploads and the like.Additionally, the cloud-based systems and methods may provide advancedpolicies requiring administrator approval for user generated content tobe posted to Web 2.0 sites. The cloud-based systems and methods alsoprovide detailed transaction summaries to the administrator forcompliance.

The cloud-based systems and methods provide uniformity in securingdevices for small to large organizations. Cloud-based mobile devicesecurity and policy systems and methods may enforce one or more policiesfor users wherever and whenever the users are connected across aplurality of different devices including mobile devices. This solutionensures protection across different types, brands, operating systems,etc. for smartphones, tablets, netbooks, mobile computers, and the like.Additionally, cloud-based mobile device management (MDM) systems andmethods may use the “cloud” to pervasively manage mobile devices. Thecloud-based MDM systems and methods provide an ability to manage mobiledevices with or without MDM clients while not requiring an MDM applianceor service at the enterprise. This provides a “no hardware, no software”deployment. In an exemplary embodiment, a client-less implementationleverages the ActiveSync protocol proxied through distributed cloudnodes to enforce mobile policies. In another exemplary embodiment, aclient-based implementation uses a platform specific application andassociated application programming interfaces (API) to connect managedmobile devices to any one of several distributed nodes in the cloud andprovide MDM features through the cloud. Advantageously, the cloud-basedMDM systems and methods provide reliability and resiliency, elasticity,lower cost, mobility, integration of management and security, andagility over conventional MDM based solutions.

Referring to FIG. 1 , in an exemplary embodiment, a block diagramillustrates a distributed security system 100. The system 100 may, forexample, be implemented as an overlay network in a wide area network(WAN), such as the Internet, a local area network (LAN), or the like.The system 100 includes content processing nodes, PN 110, thatproactively detect and preclude the distribution of security threats,e.g.d, etc., and other undesirable content sent from or requested by anexternal system. Example external systems may include an enterprise 200,a computer device 220, and a mobile device 230, or other network andcomputing systems communicatively coupled to the system 100. In anexemplary embodiment, each of the processing nodes 110 may include adecision system, e.g., data inspection engines that operate on a contentitem, e.g., a web page, a file, an email message, or some other data ordata communication that is sent from or requested by one of the externalsystems. In an exemplary embodiment, all data destined for or receivedfrom the Internet is processed through one of the processing nodes 110.In another exemplary embodiment, specific data specified by eachexternal system, e.g., only email, only executable files, etc., isprocess through one of the processing node 110.

Each of the processing nodes 110 may generate a decision vector D=[d1,d2, . . . , dn] for a content item of one or more parts C=[c1, c2, . . ., cm]. Each decision vector may identify a threat classification, e.g.,clean, spyware, malware, undesirable content, innocuous, spam email,unknown, etc. For example, the output of each element of the decisionvector D may be based on the output of one or more data inspectionengines. In an exemplary embodiment, the threat classification may bereduced to a subset of categories, e.g., violating, non-violating,neutral, unknown. Based on the subset classification, the processingnode 110 may allow distribution of the content item, precludedistribution of the content item, allow distribution of the content itemafter a cleaning process, or perform threat detection on the contentitem. In an exemplary embodiment, the actions taken by one of theprocessing nodes 110 may be determinative on the threat classificationof the content item and on a security policy of the external system towhich the content item is being sent from or from which the content itemis being requested by. A content item is violating if, for any partC=[c1, c2, . . . , cm] of the content item, at any of the processingnodes 110, any one of the data inspection engines generates an outputthat results in a classification of “violating.”

Each of the processing nodes 110 may be implemented by one or more ofcomputer and communication devices, e.g., server computers, gateways,switches, etc., such as the server 300 described in FIG. 3 . In anexemplary embodiment, the processing nodes 110 may serve as an accesslayer 150. The access layer 150 may, for example, provide externalsystem access to the security system 100. In an exemplary embodiment,each of the processing nodes 110 may include Internet gateways and oneor more servers, and the processing nodes 110 may be distributed througha geographic region, e.g., throughout a country, region, campus, etc.According to a service agreement between a provider of the system 100and an owner of an external system, the system 100 may thus providesecurity protection to the external system at any location throughoutthe geographic region.

Data communications may be monitored by the system 100 in a variety ofways, depending on the size and data requirements of the externalsystem. For example, an enterprise 200 may have multiple routers,switches, etc. that are used to communicate over the Internet, and therouters, switches, etc. may be configured to establish communicationsthrough the nearest (in traffic communication time, for example)processing node 110. A mobile device 230 may be configured tocommunicated to a nearest processing node 110 through any availablewireless access device, such as an access point, or a cellular gateway.A single computer device 220, such as a consumer's personal computer,may have its browser and email program configured to access the nearestprocessing node 110, which, in turn, serves as a proxy for the computerdevice 220. Alternatively, an Internet provider may have all of itscustomer traffic processed through the processing nodes 110.

In an exemplary embodiment, the processing nodes 110 may communicatewith one or more authority nodes (AN) 120. The authority nodes 120 maystore policy data for each external system and may distribute the policydata to each of the processing nodes 110. The policy may, for example,define security policies for a protected system, e.g., security policiesfor the enterprise 200. Example policy data may define access privilegesfor users, websites and/or content that is disallowed, restricteddomains, etc. The authority nodes 120 may distribute the policy data tothe processing nodes 110. In an exemplary embodiment, the authoritynodes 120 may also distribute threat data that includes theclassifications of content items according to threat classifications,e.g., a list of known viruses, a list of known malware sites, spam emaildomains, a list of known phishing sites, etc. The distribution of threatdata between the processing nodes 110 and the authority nodes 120 may beimplemented by push and pull distribution schemes described in moredetail below. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the authority nodes120 may be implemented by one or more computer and communicationdevices, e.g., server computers, gateways, switches, etc., such as theserver 300 described in FIG. 3 . In some exemplary embodiments, theauthority nodes 120 may serve as an application layer 160. Theapplication layer 160 may, for example, manage and provide policy data,threat data, and data inspection engines and dictionaries for theprocessing nodes 110.

Other application layer functions may also be provided in theapplication layer 170, such as a user interface (UI) front-end 130. Theuser interface front-end 130 may provide a user interface through whichusers of the external systems may provide and define security policies,e.g., whether email traffic is to be monitored, whether certain websitesare to be precluded, etc. Another application capability that may beprovided through the user interface front-end 130 is security analysisand log reporting. The underlying data on which the security analysisand log reporting functions operate are stored in logging nodes (LN)140, which serve as a data logging layer 160. Each of the logging nodes140 may store data related to security operations and network trafficprocessed by the processing nodes 110 for each external system. In anexemplary embodiment, the logging node 140 data may be anonymized sothat data identifying an enterprise is removed or obfuscated. Forexample, identifying data may be removed to provide an overall systemsummary of security processing for all enterprises and users withoutrevealing the identity of any one account. Alternatively, identifyingdata may be obfuscated, e.g., provide a random account number each timeit is accessed, so that an overall system summary of security processingfor all enterprises and users may be broken out by accounts withoutrevealing the identity of any one account. In another exemplaryembodiment, the identifying data and/or logging node 140 data may befurther encrypted, e.g., so that only the enterprise (or user if asingle user account) may have access to the logging node 140 data forits account. Other processes of anonymizing, obfuscating, or securinglogging node 140 data may also be used.

In an exemplary embodiment, an access agent 180 may be included in theexternal systems. For example, the access agent 180 is deployed in theenterprise 200. The access agent 180 may, for example, facilitatesecurity processing by providing a hash index of files on a clientdevice to one of the processing nodes 110, or may facilitateauthentication functions with one of the processing nodes 110, e.g., byassigning tokens for passwords and sending only the tokens to aprocessing node so that transmission of passwords beyond the networkedge of the enterprise is minimized. Other functions and processes mayalso be facilitated by the access agent 180. In an exemplary embodiment,the processing node 110 may act as a forward proxy that receives userrequests to external servers addressed directly to the processing node110. In another exemplary embodiment, the processing node 110 may accessuser requests that are passed through the processing node 110 in atransparent mode. A protected system, e.g., enterprise 200, may, forexample, choose one or both of these modes. For example, a browser maybe configured either manually or through the access agent 180 to accessthe processing node 110 in a forward proxy mode. In the forward proxymode, all accesses are addressed to the processing node 110.

In an exemplary embodiment, an enterprise gateway may be configured sothat user requests are routed through the processing node 110 byestablishing a communication tunnel between enterprise gateway and theprocessing node 110. For establishing the tunnel, existing protocolssuch as generic routing encapsulation (GRE), layer two tunnelingprotocol (L2TP), or other Internet Protocol (IP) security protocols maybe used. In another exemplary embodiment, the processing nodes 110 maybe deployed at Internet service provider (ISP) nodes. The ISP nodes mayredirect subject traffic to the processing nodes 110 in a transparentproxy mode. Protected systems, such as the enterprise 200, may use amultiprotocol label switching (MPLS) class of service for indicating thesubject traffic that is to be redirected. For example, at the within theenterprise the access agent 180 may be configured to perform MPLSlabeling. In another transparent proxy mode exemplary embodiment, aprotected system, such as the enterprise 200, may identify theprocessing node 110 as a next hop router for communication with theexternal servers.

Generally, the distributed security system 100 may generally refer to anexemplary cloud-based security system. Cloud computing systems andmethods abstract away physical servers, storage, networking, etc. andinstead offer these as on-demand and elastic resources. The NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a concise andspecific definition which states cloud computing is a model for enablingconvenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurablecomputing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, andservices) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimalmanagement effort or service provider interaction. Cloud computingdiffers from the classic client-server model by providing applicationsfrom a server that are executed and managed by a client's web browser,with no installed client version of an application required.Centralization gives cloud service providers complete control over theversions of the browser-based applications provided to clients, whichremoves the need for version upgrades or license management onindividual client computing devices. The phrase “software as a service”(SaaS) is sometimes used to describe application programs offeredthrough cloud computing. A common shorthand for a provided cloudcomputing service (or even an aggregation of all existing cloudservices) is “the cloud.” The distributed security system 100 isillustrated herein as one exemplary embodiment of a cloud-based system,and those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the cloud-basedmobile device security and policy systems and methods contemplateoperation on any cloud-based system.

Referring to FIG. 2 , in an exemplary embodiment, a block diagramillustrates various components of the distributed security system 100 inmore detail. Although FIG. 2 illustrates only one representativecomponent processing node 110, authority node 120 and logging node 140,those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate there may be many ofeach of the component nodes 110, 120 and 140 present in the system 100.A wide area network (WAN) 101, such as the Internet, or some othercombination of wired and/or wireless networks, communicatively couplesthe processing node 110, the authority node 120, and the logging node140 therebetween. The external systems 200, 220 and 230 likewisecommunicate over the WAN 101 with each other or other data providers andpublishers. Some or all of the data communication of each of theexternal systems 200, 220 and 230 may be processed through theprocessing node 110.

FIG. 2 also shows the enterprise 200 in more detail. The enterprise 200may, for example, include a firewall (FW) 202 protecting an internalnetwork that may include one or more enterprise servers 216, alightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) server 212, and other dataor data stores 214. Another firewall 203 may protect an enterprisesubnet that can include user computers 206 and 208 (e.g., laptop anddesktop computers). The enterprise 200 may communicate with the WAN 101through one or more network devices, such as a router, gateway, switch,etc. The LDAP server 212 may store, for example, user login credentialsfor registered users of the enterprise 200 system. Such credentials mayinclude user identifiers, login passwords, and a login historyassociated with each user identifier. The other data stores 214 mayinclude sensitive information, such as bank records, medical records,trade secret information, or any other information warranting protectionby one or more security measures.

In an exemplary embodiment, a client access agent 180 may be included ona client computer 208. The client access agent 180 may, for example,facilitate security processing by providing a hash index of files on theuser computer 208 to a processing node 110 for malware, virus detection,etc. Other security operations may also be facilitated by the accessagent 180. In another exemplary embodiment, a server access agent 180may facilitate authentication functions with the processing node 110,e.g., by assigning tokens for passwords and sending only the tokens tothe processing node 110 so that transmission of passwords beyond thenetwork edge of the enterprise 200 is minimized. Other functions andprocesses may also be facilitated by the server access agent 180 b. Thecomputer device 220 and the mobile device 230 may also store informationwarranting security measures, such as personal bank records, medicalinformation, and login information, e.g., login information to theserver 206 of the enterprise 200, or to some other secure data providerserver. The computer device 220 and the mobile device 230 can also storeinformation warranting security measures, such as personal bank records,medical information, and login information, e.g., login information to aserver 216 of the enterprise 200, or to some other secure data providerserver.

In an exemplary embodiment, the processing nodes 110 are external tonetwork edges of the external systems 200, 220 and 230. Each of theprocessing nodes 110 stores security policies 113 received from theauthority node 120 and monitors content items requested by or sent fromthe external systems 200, 220 and 230. In an exemplary embodiment, eachof the processing nodes 110 may also store a detection process filter112 and/or threat data 114 to facilitate the decision of whether acontent item should be processed for threat detection. A processing nodemanager 118 may manage each content item in accordance with the securitypolicy data 113, and the detection process filter 112 and/or threat data114, if stored at the processing node 110, so that security policies fora plurality of external systems in data communication with theprocessing node 110 are implemented external to the network edges foreach of the external systems 200, 220 and 230. For example, depending onthe classification resulting from the monitoring, the content item maybe allowed, precluded, or threat detected. In general, content itemsthat are already classified as “clean” or not posing a threat can beallowed, while those classified as “violating” may be precluded. Thosecontent items having an unknown status, e.g., content items that havenot been processed by the system 100, may be threat detected to classifythe content item according to threat classifications.

The processing node 110 may include a state manager 116A. The statemanager 116A may be used to maintain the authentication and theauthorization states of users that submit requests to the processingnode 110. Maintenance of the states through the state manager 116A mayminimize the number of authentication and authorization transactionsthat are necessary to process a request. The processing node 110 mayalso include an epoch processor 1168. The epoch processor 1168 may beused to analyze authentication data that originated at the authoritynode 120. The epoch processor 1168 may use an epoch ID to furthervalidate the authenticity of authentication data. The processing node110 may further include a source processor 116C. The source processor116C may be used to verify the source of authorization andauthentication data. The source processor 116C may identify improperlyobtained authorization and authentication data, enhancing the securityof the network. Collectively, the state manager 116A, the epochprocessor 116B, and the source processor 116C operate as data inspectionengines.

Because the amount of data being processed by the processing nodes 110may be substantial, the detection processing filter 112 may be used asthe first stage of an information lookup procedure. For example, thedetection processing filter 112 may be used as a front end to a lookingof the threat data 114. Content items may be mapped to index values ofthe detection processing filter 112 by a hash function that operates onan information key derived from the information item. The informationkey is hashed to generate an index value (i.e., a bit position). A valueof zero in a bit position in the guard table can indicate, for example,absence of information, while a one in that bit position can indicatepresence of information. Alternatively, a one could be used to representabsence, and a zero to represent presence. Each content item may have aninformation key that is hashed. For example, the processing node manager118 may identify the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) address of URLrequests as the information key and hash the URL address; or mayidentify the file name and the file size of an executable fileinformation key and hash the file name and file size of the executablefile. Hashing an information key to generate an index and checking a bitvalue at the index in the detection processing filter 112 generallyrequires less processing time than actually searching threat data 114.The use of the detection processing filter 112 may improve the failurequery (i.e., responding to a request for absent information) performanceof database queries and/or any general information queries. Because datastructures are generally optimized to access information that is presentin the structures, failure query performance has a greater effect on thetime required to process information searches for very rarely occurringitems, e.g., the presence of file information in a virus scan log or acache where many or most of the files transferred in a network have notbeen scanned or cached. Using the detection processing filter 112,however, the worst case additional cost is only on the order of one, andthus its use for most failure queries saves on the order of m log m,where m is the number of information records present in the threat data114.

The detection processing filter 112 thus improves performance of querieswhere the answer to a request for information is usually positive. Suchinstances may include, for example, whether a given file has been virusscanned, whether content at a given URL has been scanned forinappropriate (e.g., pornographic) content, whether a given fingerprintmatches any of a set of stored documents, and whether a checksumcorresponds to any of a set of stored documents. Thus, if the detectionprocessing filter 112 indicates that the content item has not beenprocessed, then a worst case null lookup operation into the threat data114 is avoided, and a threat detection can be implemented immediately.The detection processing filter 112 thus complements the threat data 114that capture positive information. In an exemplary embodiment, thedetection processing filter 112 may be a Bloom filter implemented by asingle hash function. The Bloom filter may be sparse table, i.e., thetables include many zeros and few ones, and the hash function is chosento minimize or eliminate false negatives which are, for example,instances where an information key is hashed to a bit position and thatbit position indicates that the requested information is absent when itis actually present.

In general, the authority node 120 includes a data store that storesmaster security policy data 123 for each of the external systems 200,220 and 230. An authority node manager 128 may be used to manage themaster security policy data 123, e.g., receive input from users of eachof the external systems defining different security policies, and maydistribute the master security policy data 123 to each of the processingnodes 110. The processing nodes 110 then store a local copy of thesecurity policy data 113. The authority node 120 may also store a masterdetection process filter 122. The detection processing filter 122 mayinclude data indicating whether content items have been processed by oneor more of the data inspection engines 116 in any of the processingnodes 110. The authority node manager 128 may be used to manage themaster detection processing filter 122, e.g., receive updates from aprocessing nodes 110 when the processing node 110 has processed acontent item and update the master detection processing filter 122. Forexample, the master detection processing filter 122 may be distributedto the processing nodes 110, which then store a local copy of thedetection processing filter 112.

In an exemplary embodiment, the authority node 120 may include an epochmanager 126. The epoch manager 126 may be used to generateauthentication data associated with an epoch ID. The epoch ID of theauthentication data is a verifiable attribute of the authentication datathat can be used to identify fraudulently created authentication data.In an exemplary embodiment, the detection processing filter 122 may be aguard table. The processing node 110 may, for example, use theinformation in the local detection processing filter 112 to quicklydetermine the presence and/or absence of information, e.g., whether aparticular URL has been checked for malware; whether a particularexecutable has been virus scanned, etc. The authority node 120 may alsostore master threat data 124. The master threat data 124 may classifycontent items by threat classifications, e.g., a list of known viruses,a list of known malware sites, spam email domains, list of known ordetected phishing sites, etc. The authority node manager 128 may be usedto manage the master threat data 124, e.g., receive updates from theprocessing nodes 110 when one of the processing nodes 110 has processeda content item and update the master threat data 124 with any pertinentresults. In some implementations, the master threat data 124 may bedistributed to the processing nodes 110, which then store a local copyof the threat data 114. In another exemplary embodiment, the authoritynode 120 may also monitor the health of each of the processing nodes110, e.g., the resource availability in each of the processing nodes110, detection of link failures, etc. Based on the observed health ofeach of the processing nodes 110, the authority node 120 may redirecttraffic among the processing nodes 110 and/or balance traffic among theprocessing nodes 110. Other remedial actions and processes may also befacilitated by the authority node 120.

The processing node 110 and the authority node 120 may be configuredaccording to one or more push and pull processes to manage content itemsaccording to security policy data 113 and/or 123, detection processfilters 112 and/or 122, and the threat data 114 and/or 124. In a threatdata push implementation, each of the processing nodes 110 stores policydata 113 and threat data 114. The processing node manager 118 determineswhether a content item requested by or transmitted from an externalsystem is classified by the threat data 114. If the content item isdetermined to be classified by the threat data 114, then the processingnode manager 118 may manage the content item according to the securityclassification of the content item and the security policy of theexternal system. If, however, the content item is determined to not beclassified by the threat data 114, then the processing node manager 118may cause one or more of the data inspection engines 117 to perform thethreat detection processes to classify the content item according to athreat classification. Once the content item is classified, theprocessing node manager 118 generates a threat data update that includesdata indicating the threat classification for the content item from thethreat detection process, and transmits the threat data update to anauthority node 120.

The authority node manager 128, in response to receiving the threat dataupdate, updates the master threat data 124 stored in the authority nodedata store according to the threat data update received from theprocessing node 110. In an exemplary embodiment, the authority nodemanager 128 may automatically transmit the updated threat data to theother processing nodes 110. Accordingly, threat data for new threats asthe new threats are encountered are automatically distributed to eachprocessing node 110. Upon receiving the new threat data from theauthority node 120, each of processing node managers 118 may store theupdated threat data in the locally stored threat data 114.

In a threat data pull and push implementation, each of the processingnodes 110 stores policy data 113 and threat data 114. The processingnode manager 118 determines whether a content item requested by ortransmitted from an external system is classified by the threat data114. If the content item is determined to be classified by the threatdata 114, then the processing node manager 118 may manage the contentitem according to the security classification of the content item andthe security policy of the external system. If, however, the contentitem is determined to not be classified by the threat data, then theprocessing node manager 118 may request responsive threat data for thecontent item from the authority node 120. Because processing a contentitem may consume valuable resource and time, in some implementations theprocessing node 110 may first check with the authority node 120 forthreat data 114 before committing such processing resources.

The authority node manager 128 may receive the responsive threat datarequest from the processing node 110 and may determine if the responsivethreat data is stored in the authority node data store. If responsivethreat data is stored in the master threat data 124, then the authoritynode manager 128 provide a reply that includes the responsive threatdata to the processing node 110 so that the processing node manager 118may manage the content item in accordance with the security policy data113 and the classification of the content item. Conversely, if theauthority node manager 128 determines that responsive threat data is notstored in the master threat data 124, then the authority node manager128 may provide a reply that does not include the responsive threat datato the processing node 110. In response, the processing node manager 118can cause one or more of the data inspection engines 116 to perform thethreat detection processes to classify the content item according to athreat classification. Once the content item is classified, theprocessing node manager 118 generates a threat data update that includesdata indicating the threat classification for the content item from thethreat detection process, and transmits the threat data update to anauthority node 120. The authority node manager 128 can then update themaster threat data 124. Thereafter, any future requests related toresponsive threat data for the content item from other processing nodes110 can be readily served with responsive threat data.

In a detection process filter and threat data push implementation, eachof the processing nodes 110 stores a detection process filter 112,policy data 113, and threat data 114. The processing node manager 118accesses the detection process filter 112 to determine whether thecontent item has been processed. If the processing node manager 118determines that the content item has been processed, it may determine ifthe content item is classified by the threat data 114. Because thedetection process filter 112 has the potential for a false positive, alookup in the threat data 114 may be implemented to ensure that a falsepositive has not occurred. The initial check of the detection processfilter 112, however, may eliminate many null queries to the threat data114, which, in turn, conserves system resources and increasesefficiency. If the content item is classified by the threat data 114,then the processing node manager 118 may manage the content item inaccordance with the security policy data 113 and the classification ofthe content item. Conversely, if the processing node manager 118determines that the content item is not classified by the threat data114, or if the processing node manager 118 initially determines throughthe detection process filter 112 that the content item is not classifiedby the threat data 114, then the processing node manager 118 may causeone or more of the data inspection engines 116 to perform the threatdetection processes to classify the content item according to a threatclassification. Once the content item is classified, the processing nodemanager 118 generates a threat data update that includes data indicatingthe threat classification for the content item from the threat detectionprocess, and transmits the threat data update to one of the authoritynodes 120.

The authority node manager 128, in turn, may update the master threatdata 124 and the master detection process filter 122 stored in theauthority node data store according to the threat data update receivedfrom the processing node 110. In an exemplary embodiment, the authoritynode manager 128 may automatically transmit the updated threat data anddetection processing filter to other processing nodes 110. Accordingly,threat data and the detection processing filter for new threats as thenew threats are encountered are automatically distributed to eachprocessing node 110, and each processing node 110 may update its localcopy of the detection processing filter 112 and threat data 114.

In a detection process filter and threat data pull and pushimplementation, each of the processing nodes 110 stores a detectionprocess filter 112, policy data 113, and threat data 114. The processingnode manager 118 accesses the detection process filter 112 to determinewhether the content item has been processed. If the processing nodemanager 118 determines that the content item has been processed, it maydetermine if the content item is classified by the threat data 114.Because the detection process filter 112 has the potential for a falsepositive, a lookup in the threat data 114 can be implemented to ensurethat a false positive has not occurred. The initial check of thedetection process filter 112, however, may eliminate many null queriesto the threat data 114, which, in turn, conserves system resources andincreases efficiency. If the processing node manager 118 determines thatthe content item has not been processed, it may request responsivethreat data for the content item from the authority node 120. Becauseprocessing a content item may consume valuable resource and time, insome implementations the processing node 110 may first check with theauthority node 120 for threat data 114 before committing such processingresources.

The authority node manager 128 may receive the responsive threat datarequest from the processing node 110 and may determine if the responsivethreat data is stored in the authority node 120 data store. Ifresponsive threat data is stored in the master threat data 124, then theauthority node manager 128 provides a reply that includes the responsivethreat data to the processing node 110 so that the processing nodemanager 118 can manage the content item in accordance with the securitypolicy data 112 and the classification of the content item, and furtherupdate the local detection processing filter 112. Conversely, if theauthority node manager 128 determines that responsive threat data is notstored in the master threat data 124, then the authority node manager128 may provide a reply that does not include the responsive threat datato the processing node 110. In response, the processing node manager 118may cause one or more of the data inspection engines 116 to perform thethreat detection processes to classify the content item according to athreat classification. Once the content item is classified, theprocessing node manager 118 generates a threat data update that includesdata indicating the threat classification for the content item from thethreat detection process, and transmits the threat data update to anauthority node 120. The authority node manager 128 may then update themaster threat data 124. Thereafter, any future requests for related toresponsive threat data for the content item from other processing nodes110 can be readily served with responsive threat data.

The various push and pull data exchange processes provided above areexemplary processes for which the threat data and/or detection processfilters may be updated in the system 100 of FIGS. 1 and 2 . Other updateprocesses, however, are contemplated by the present invention. The datainspection engines 116, processing node manager 118, authority nodemanager 128, user interface manager 132, logging node manager 148, andauthority agent 180 may be realized by instructions that upon executioncause one or more processing devices to carry out the processes andfunctions described above. Such instructions can, for example, includeinterpreted instructions, such as script instructions, e.g., JavaScriptor ECMAScript instructions, or executable code, or other instructionsstored in a non-transitory computer readable medium. Other processingarchitectures can also be used, e.g., a combination of speciallydesigned hardware and software, for example.

Referring to FIG. 3 , in an exemplary embodiment, a block diagramillustrates a server 300 which may be used in the system 100 orstandalone. Any of the processing nodes 110, the authority nodes 120,and the logging nodes 140 may be formed through one or more servers 300.Further, the computer device 220, the mobile device 230, the servers208, 216, etc. may include the server 300 or a similar structure. Theserver 300 may be a digital computer that, in terms of hardwarearchitecture, generally includes a processor 302, input/output (I/O)interfaces 304, a network interface 306, a data store 308, and memory310. It should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art thatFIG. 3 depicts the server 300 in an oversimplified manner, and apractical embodiment may include additional components and suitablyconfigured processing logic to support known or conventional operatingfeatures that are not described in detail herein. The components (302,304, 306, 308, and 310) are communicatively coupled via a localinterface 312. The local interface 312 may be, for example but notlimited to, one or more buses or other wired or wireless connections, asis known in the art. The local interface 312 may have additionalelements, which are omitted for simplicity, such as controllers, buffers(caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, among many others, toenable communications. Further, the local interface 312 may includeaddress, control, and/or data connections to enable appropriatecommunications among the aforementioned components.

The processor 302 is a hardware device for executing softwareinstructions. The processor 302 may be any custom made or commerciallyavailable processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an auxiliaryprocessor among several processors associated with the server 300, asemiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chipset), or generally any device for executing software instructions. Whenthe server 300 is in operation, the processor 302 is configured toexecute software stored within the memory 310, to communicate data toand from the memory 310, and to generally control operations of theserver 300 pursuant to the software instructions. The I/O interfaces 304may be used to receive user input from and/or for providing systemoutput to one or more devices or components. User input may be providedvia, for example, a keyboard, touch pad, and/or a mouse. System outputmay be provided via a display device and a printer (not shown). I/Ointerfaces 304 may include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port,a small computer system interface (SCSI), a serial ATA (SATA), a fibrechannel, Infiniband, iSCSI, a PCI Express interface (PCI-x), an infrared(IR) interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, and/or a universalserial bus (USB) interface.

The network interface 306 may be used to enable the server 300 tocommunicate on a network, such as the Internet, the WAN 101, theenterprise 200, and the like, etc. The network interface 306 mayinclude, for example, an Ethernet card or adapter (e.g., 10BaseT, FastEthernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 GbE) or a wireless local area network(WLAN) card or adapter (e.g., 802.11a/b/g/n). The network interface 306may include address, control, and/or data connections to enableappropriate communications on the network. A data store 308 may be usedto store data. The data store 308 may include any of volatile memoryelements (e.g., random access memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM,and the like)), nonvolatile memory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive,tape, CDROM, and the like), and combinations thereof. Moreover, the datastore 308 may incorporate electronic, magnetic, optical, and/or othertypes of storage media. In one example, the data store 308 may belocated internal to the server 300 such as, for example, an internalhard drive connected to the local interface 312 in the server 300.Additionally in another embodiment, the data store 308 may be locatedexternal to the server 300 such as, for example, an external hard driveconnected to the I/O interfaces 304 (e.g., SCSI or USB connection). In afurther embodiment, the data store 308 may be connected to the server300 through a network, such as, for example, a network attached fileserver.

The memory 310 may include any of volatile memory elements (e.g., randomaccess memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, etc.)), nonvolatilememory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive, tape, CDROM, etc.), andcombinations thereof. Moreover, the memory 310 may incorporateelectronic, magnetic, optical, and/or other types of storage media. Notethat the memory 310 may have a distributed architecture, where variouscomponents are situated remotely from one another, but can be accessedby the processor 302. The software in memory 310 may include one or moresoftware programs, each of which includes an ordered listing ofexecutable instructions for implementing logical functions. The softwarein the memory 310 includes a suitable operating system (O/S) 314 and oneor more programs 316. The operating system 314 essentially controls theexecution of other computer programs, such as the one or more programs316, and provides scheduling, input-output control, file and datamanagement, memory management, and communication control and relatedservices. The operating system 314 may be any of Windows NT, Windows2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows Server 2003/2008(all available from Microsoft, Corp. of Redmond, Wash.), Solaris(available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. of Palo Alto, Calif.), LINUX (oranother UNIX variant) (available from Red Hat of Raleigh, N.C.), Androidand variants thereof (available from Google, Inc. of Mountain View,Calif.), Apple OS X and variants thereof (available from Apple, Inc. ofCupertino, Calif.), or the like. The one or more programs 316 may beconfigured to implement the various processes, algorithms, methods,techniques, etc. described herein.

Referring to FIG. 4 , in an exemplary embodiment, a block diagramillustrates a mobile device 400, which may be used in the system 100 orthe like. The mobile device 400 can be a digital device that, in termsof hardware architecture, generally includes a processor 412,input/output (I/O) interfaces 414, a radio 416, a data store 418, andmemory 422. It should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in theart that FIG. 4 depicts the mobile device 410 in an oversimplifiedmanner, and a practical embodiment may include additional components andsuitably configured processing logic to support known or conventionaloperating features that are not described in detail herein. Thecomponents (412, 414, 416, 418, and 422) are communicatively coupled viaa local interface 424. The local interface 424 can be, for example, butnot limited to, one or more buses or other wired or wirelessconnections, as is known in the art. The local interface 424 can haveadditional elements, which are omitted for simplicity, such ascontrollers, buffers (caches), drivers, repeaters, and receivers, amongmany others, to enable communications. Further, the local interface 424may include address, control, and/or data connections to enableappropriate communications among the aforementioned components.

The processor 412 is a hardware device for executing softwareinstructions. The processor 412 can be any custom made or commerciallyavailable processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an auxiliaryprocessor among several processors associated with the mobile device410, a semiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip orchip set), or generally any device for executing software instructions.When the mobile device 410 is in operation, the processor 412 isconfigured to execute software stored within the memory 422, tocommunicate data to and from the memory 422, and to generally controloperations of the mobile device 410 pursuant to the softwareinstructions. In an exemplary embodiment, the processor 412 may includea mobile-optimized processor such as optimized for power consumption andmobile applications. The I/O interfaces 414 can be used to receive userinput from and/or for providing system output. User input can beprovided via, for example, a keypad, a touch screen, a scroll ball, ascroll bar, buttons, barcode scanner, and the like. System output can beprovided via a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD),touch screen, and the like. The I/O interfaces 414 can also include, forexample, a serial port, a parallel port, a small computer systeminterface (SCSI), an infrared (IR) interface, a radio frequency (RF)interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, and the like. The I/Ointerfaces 414 can include a graphical user interface (GUI) that enablesa user to interact with the mobile device 410. Additionally, the I/Ointerfaces 414 may further include an imaging device, i.e. camera, videocamera, etc.

The radio 416 enables wireless communication to an external accessdevice or network. Any number of suitable wireless data communicationprotocols, techniques, or methodologies can be supported by the radio416, including, without limitation: RF; IrDA (infrared); Bluetooth;ZigBee (and other variants of the IEEE 802.15 protocol); IEEE 802.11(any variation); IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX or any other variation); DirectSequence Spread Spectrum; Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum; Long TermEvolution (LTE); cellular/wireless/cordless telecommunication protocols(e.g. 3G/4G, etc.); wireless home network communication protocols;paging network protocols; magnetic induction; satellite datacommunication protocols; wireless hospital or health care facilitynetwork protocols such as those operating in the WMTS bands; GPRS;proprietary wireless data communication protocols such as variants ofWireless USB; and any other protocols for wireless communication. Thedata store 418 may be used to store data. The data store 418 may includeany of volatile memory elements (e.g., random access memory (RAM, suchas DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, and the like)), nonvolatile memory elements (e.g.,ROM, hard drive, tape, CDROM, and the like), and combinations thereof.Moreover, the data store 418 may incorporate electronic, magnetic,optical, and/or other types of storage media.

The memory 422 may include any of volatile memory elements (e.g., randomaccess memory (RAM, such as DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM, etc.)), nonvolatilememory elements (e.g., ROM, hard drive, etc.), and combinations thereof.Moreover, the memory 422 may incorporate electronic, magnetic, optical,and/or other types of storage media. Note that the memory 422 may have adistributed architecture, where various components are situated remotelyfrom one another, but can be accessed by the processor 412. The softwarein memory 422 can include one or more software programs, each of whichincludes an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementinglogical functions. In the example of FIG. 4 , the software in the memorysystem 422 includes a suitable operating system (O/S) 426 and programs428. The operating system 426 essentially controls the execution ofother computer programs and provides scheduling, input-output control,file and data management, memory management, and communication controland related services. The operating system 426 may be any of LINUX (oranother UNIX variant), Android (available from Google), Symbian OS,Microsoft Windows CE, Microsoft Windows 7 Mobile, iOS (available fromApple, Inc.), webOS (available from Hewlett Packard), Blackberry OS(Available from Research in Motion), and the like. The programs 428 mayinclude various applications, add-ons, etc. configured to provide enduser functionality with the mobile device 400. For example, exemplaryprograms 428 may include, but not limited to, a web browser, socialnetworking applications, streaming media applications, games, mappingand location applications, electronic mail applications, financialapplications, and the like. In a typical example, the end user typicallyuses one or more of the programs 428 along with a network such as asystem 100.

Referring to FIG. 5 , in an exemplary embodiment, a cloud system 500 isillustrated for implementing cloud-based mobile device security andpolicy systems and methods, cloud-based MDM systems and methods,cloud-based social networking policy and compliance systems and methods,and the like. The cloud system 500 includes one or more cloud nodes (CN)502 communicatively coupled to the Internet 504. The cloud nodes 502 mayinclude the processing nodes 110, the server 300, or the like. That is,the cloud system 500 may include the distributed security system 100 oranother implementation of a cloud-based system. In the cloud system 500,traffic from various locations (and various devices located therein)such as a regional office 510, headquarters 520, various employee'shomes 530, mobile laptop 540, and mobile device 550 is redirected to thecloud through the cloud nodes 502. That is, each of the locations 510,520, 530, 540, 550 is communicatively coupled to the Internet 504through the cloud nodes 502. The cloud system 500 may be configured toperform various functions such as spam filtering, uniform resourcelocator (URL) filtering, antivirus protection, bandwidth control, dataloss prevention, zero-day vulnerability protection, web 2.0 features,and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, the cloud system 500 and thedistributed security system 100 may be viewed as Security-as-a-Servicethrough the cloud.

In various exemplary embodiments, the cloud system 500 is configured toprovide mobile device security and policy systems and methods. Themobile device 550 may be the mobile device 400, and may include commondevices such as smartphones, tablets, netbooks, personal digitalassistants, MP3 players, cell phones, e-book readers, and the like. Thecloud system 500 is configured to provide security and policyenforcement for devices including the mobile devices 550 in the cloud.Advantageously, the cloud system 500 avoids platform specific securityapps on the mobile devices 550, forwards web traffic through the cloudsystem 500, enables network administrators to define policies in thecloud, and enforces/cleans traffic in the cloud prior to delivery to themobile devices 550. Further, through the cloud system 500, networkadministrators may define user-centric policies tied to users, notdevices, with the policies being applied regardless of the device usedby the user. The cloud system 500 provides 24×7 security with no needfor updates as the cloud system 500 is always up-to-date with currentthreats and without requiring device signature updates. Also, the cloudsystem 500 enables multiple enforcement points, centralized provisioningand logging, automatic traffic routing to the nearest cloud node 502,geographical distribution of the cloud nodes 502, policy shadowing ofusers which is dynamically available at the cloud nodes, etc.

In other exemplary embodiments, the cloud system 500 is configured toprovide MDM functionality for mobile devices such as the mobile device550. The cloud-based MDM systems and methods provide an ability tomanage the mobile device 550 and other mobile devices with or without anMDM client on the mobile device 550 and without an appliance or serverat the enterprise (i.e. at the regional office 510 or the headquarters520). In an exemplary embodiment, a client-less implementation leveragesthe ActiveSync protocol, proxied through the distributed cloud nodes 502to enforce basic policies e.g. password, screen lock, remote wipe,enable/disable features such as the browser or camera, etc. In anotherexemplary embodiment, a client-based implementation uses a platformspecific application and associated API to connect with the mobiledevice 550 and provide MDM features. The cloud system 500 providesscalability, redundancy, and reduced latency with the multiplegeographically distributed cloud nodes 502. MDM policies may be definedin a Central Authority (CA) 560 that pushes then out, on-demand, togeographically distributed cloud nodes 502. The mobile devices 550communicate with local cloud nodes 502 without requiring configurationchanges, e.g. the mobile devices 550 may be automatically directed tothe closest cloud node 502. Policies are automatically available at thelocal cloud node 502 minimizing latency. In the event of cloud node 502failure or excessive load, connections are load balanced automaticallyacross other cloud nodes 502, transparent to the mobile device 550.

ActiveSync is a mobile data synchronization technology and protocoldeveloped by Microsoft. ActiveSync works over hypertext transferprotocol (HTTP) and HTTPS and is licensed by several mobile devicemanufacturers such as Apple, Google, etc. ActiveSync email client ispre-installed on most mobile devices 550 today. ActiveSync allows emailand policy sync. Generally, there are two implementations of ActiveSync.A first implementation synchronizes data and information with mobiledevices 550 and a specific computer. A second implementation commonlyknown as Exchange ActiveSync (EAS) provides push synchronization ofcontacts, calendars, tasks, email, and the like between servers and themobile devices 550. Exchange ActiveSync runs over HTTP(S) using WirelessApplication Protocol (WAP) binary Extensible markup language (XML). WAPbinary XML is a binary format that encodes the parsed physical form ofan XML document, i.e., the structure and content of the documententities. Meta-information, including the document type definition andconditional sections, is removed when the document is converted to thebinary format. This provides a compact binary representation optimizedfor wireless applications.

In exemplary embodiments, the cloud nodes 502 may be configured tointercept or spoof Exchange ActiveSync messages. In an exemplaryembodiment, if a mobile device 550 has an ActiveSync association, suchas with a server at the headquarters 520, the cloud node 502 can proxythis connection blocking it if non-compliant and optionally insertpolicy provisioning commands. In another exemplary embodiment, if themobile device 550 does not have an Exchange ActiveSync association, thecloud node 502 can be configured to emulate or spoof an ExchangeActiveSync server and issue policy provisioning commands to the mobiledevice 550. In yet another exemplary embodiment, the mobile device 550may be provisioned with a platform specific MDM API, which interfaces tothe cloud node 502. The cloud-based MDM systems and methods aredescribed herein with exemplary embodiments referencing ExchangeActiveSync for illustration, and those of ordinary skill in the art willrecognize this may include any synchronization techniques between themobile device 550 and the cloud nodes 502 including WAP binary XML andthe like.

Fundamentally, the cloud-based MDM systems and methods seek to utilizeone or more existing synchronization techniques with the cloud system500 for providing MDM functionality.

In another exemplary embodiment, the cloud system 500 is configured toprovide cloud-based social networking policy and compliance systems andmethods. That is, the cloud system 500 may be utilized to giveenterprises full control and visibility into what their employees and/orguests are seeing and posting to various sites. In an exemplaryembodiment, the cloud system 500 may include an in-line Web 2.0 policyenforcement system (depicted in FIG. 28 ) which pervasively monitors allWeb 2.0 traffic and enforces policy thereon. In another exemplaryembodiment, the cloud system 500 may include an administrator approvalfunction (depicted in FIG. 29 ) to enable administrator review of someor all content being provided to Web 2.0 sites. In yet another exemplaryembodiment, the cloud system 500 may include a Web 2.0 site specificagent (depicted in FIG. 30 ) pushed to an end user's device for localactivity monitoring and feature control. Note, the foregoing contemplateoperation on the cloud system 500, the distributed security system 100,and any other cloud-based system implementation.

Referring to FIG. 6 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchart, and anetwork diagram illustrate an Exchange ActiveSync provisioning method600 for the cloud system 500. In particular, the provisioning method 600assumes the mobile device 550 does not have an Exchange ActiveSyncassociation, and the cloud node 502 is configured to emulate or spoof anExchange ActiveSync server and issue policy provisioning commands. Forthe provisioning method 600, an administrator specifies mobile users andtheir associated mobile devices 550 in a company's active directory(step 602). Active Directory (AD) is a service created by Microsoft thatuses standardized protocols to provide a variety of network services,including Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), Kerberos-basedauthentication, Domain Name System (DNS)-based naming and other networkinformation, and the like. Features of the active directory include acentralized location for network administration and security,information security and single sign-on for user access to networkedresources, scalability, standardized access to application data, and thelike. The CA 560 synchronizes with the company's active directory (step604). Specifically, the CA 560 obtains user credentials for associatedmobile devices 550 in a company's active directory. Each of the mobileusers receives a notification to sign up for the cloud MDM (step 606).This may include a plurality of methods for the notification includingan email, a text message, offline instructions, and the like.

Through the sign-up, the user adds ActiveSync email, e.g.user@company.com and a server, e.g. gateway.zscaler.net (step 608).Here, the user's mobile device 550 is configured to set up an ExchangeActiveSync connection with the server gateway.zscaler.net, i.e. thecloud node 502. DNS resolution for gateway.zscaler.net is made by thecloud service such that the resolved IP address points the mobile deviceto the nearest cloud node 502. Once connected, the cloud node 502 isconfigured to implement the ActiveSync protocol with the mobile device550 and the cloud node 502 requests authentication from the CA 560 (step610). Here, the CA 560 provides the cloud node 502 with the applicableauthentication data as well as configuration data for MDM. Finally, uponsuccessful authentication, an ActiveSync account is provisioned betweenthe mobile device 550 and the cloud node 502 (step 612). The cloud node502 utilizes this ActiveSync account to provide MDM of the mobile device550.

Referring to FIG. 7 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchart and anetwork diagram illustrate Exchange ActiveSync based MDM method 700 forthe cloud system 500. For the MDM method 700, an administrator specifiesmobile policy profiles and applies it to users/groups of mobile devices550 (step 704). In the provisioning method 700, the mobile device 550 isalready set up with an ActiveSync account on the Exchange server 702.The mobile device 550 checks the cloud node 502 “ActiveSync Server” formailbox/policy updates (step 706). In an exemplary embodiment, the cloudnode 502 may be configured to operate as an “ActiveSync Server” to themobile device 550. In another exemplary embodiment, the cloud node 502may be configured to monitor and update ActiveSync messages between themobile device 550 and the Exchange server 702 and issue policyprovisioning commands therein. In either embodiment, the mobile device550 is communicatively coupled to the Exchange server 702 through thecloud node 502. The cloud node 502 may check the CA 560 for any policyupdates for the user (step 708). Specifically, the administrator maydefine the policy for the user through the CA 560. The cloud node“ActiveSync Server” sends provisioning payload information to the mobiledevice 550 (step 710).

Additionally, the mobile device 550 may be configured to get email fromthe actual company.com Exchange server 702 (step 712). Specifically, themobile device 550 may have an ActiveSync association with the cloud node502 and another with the Exchange server 702. If the ActiveSyncassociation is with the Exchange server 702, the cloud node 502 may beconfigured to monitor for ActiveSync messages for compliance with policyand to add information for provisioning, etc. In either embodiment, thecloud node 502 may be configured to proxy ActiveSync messages betweenthe mobile device 550 and the Exchange server 702 (step 714). If theActiveSync messages do not comply with defined policy, the cloud node502 may be configured to block email traffic from the Exchange server702 to the mobile device 550. Finally, the administrator has access tovarious information related to MDM such as reports of missing devices,reports of non-compliant devices, etc. (step 716). In particular, thecloud node 502 is configured to proxy ActiveSync messages from theExchange server 702. In an exemplary embodiment without the Exchangeserver 702, the cloud node 502 is configured to spoof policy messages ofthe ActiveSync protocol. With the Exchange server 702, then cloud node502 is proxying the traffic and in the process can insert MDM policymessages in the stream.

Using Exchange ActiveSync with the cloud node 502 and the mobile device550, the provisioning method 600 and the MDM method 700 may utilizebuilt-in support for ActiveSync among many existing mobile devices 550.For example, mobile devices 550 with built-in or native operating systemsupport for Exchange ActiveSync include Apple iPhone, iPad, Androiddevices, Palm OS, Symbian devices, Microsoft platforms, and the like.Using ActiveSync, the cloud-based MDM systems and methods can performvarious functions, policies, etc. including, for example, remote wipe ofthe mobile device 550, password enforcement on the mobile device 550,locking the mobile device 550 based on inactivity, a refresh intervalfor policy updates, requiring manual synchronization such as whileroaming, preventing use of the camera, etc. For example, related to thepassword enforcement, the cloud-based MDM systems and methods canenforce a minimum password length, set a number of failed passwordattempts before locking the mobile device 550 or performing a localwipe, require a mixture of characters in the password, set a passwordexpiration period and keep a password history to prevent new passwordsfrom matching previous passwords, and the like.

The cloud-based MDM systems and methods can implement various additionalfunctions, features, policies, etc. such as instantaneous policychanges, scheduled policy changes, device backup, device settings, andthe like. Further, the cloud-based MDM systems and methods canallow/disallow various functions of the mobile device 550 including, forexample, installation of specified applications, use of specifiedapplications, prevention of screen capture, prevention of voice dialing,prevention of games, prevention of social media, prevention of streamingmedia, web browser usage, prevention of Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth, and thelike. Also, the cloud-based MDM systems and methods may further provideprovisioning of various functions and features on the mobile device 550including, for example, Wi-Fi settings, virtual private network (VPN)settings, email settings, provisioning of credentials and the like, MDMsettings, wireless (e.g., GSM/CDMA, 4G) settings, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 8 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchart, and anetwork diagram illustrates a platform specific MDM configuration 800for the cloud system 500. In an exemplary embodiment, the platformspecific MDM configuration 800 operates with a push notification server802 and a third party MDM server 804 each in communication with themobile device 550. In another exemplary embodiment, the platformspecific MDM configuration 800 may include the cloud node 502 performingthe functions of both the push notification server 802 and the platformspecific MDM server 804. The platform specific MDM configuration 800begins with a configuration profile containing MDM server informationbeing sent to the mobile device 550 (step 812). The user of the mobiledevice 550 may be presented with information about what will be managedand/or queried by the server. The configuration profile may be sent orprovided to the mobile device 550 is a variety of methods, e.g. email,text message, web browser link, physical loading via a connection to themobile device 550, and the like. Also, the configuration profile mayinclude software configured to operate on the mobile device 550 tocoordinate and provide the MDM functionality.

The user (or an IT administrator) installs the profile to opt the mobiledevice 550 into being managed by the MDM server 804 or the cloud node502 (step 814). The mobile device 550 is enrolled as the profile isbeing installed (step 816). The server 804/cloud node 502 validates themobile device 550 and allows access. The push notification server 802sends a push notification prompting the mobile device 550 to check infor tasks, queries, etc. (step 818). Finally, the mobile device 550connects directly to the MDM server 804 or the cloud node 502, such asover HTTPS (step 820). The MDM server 804 or the cloud node 502 isconfigured to operate with the installed profile on the mobile device550. Specifically, the MDM server 804 or the cloud node 502 may sendcommands to or request information from the mobile device 550. Theexemplary commands may include the various functions described hereinwith reference to the provisioning methods 600, 700 or any other MDMrelated functions. The platform specific MDM configuration 800 isdescribed herein using the push notification server 802 and the MDMserver 802 or the cloud node 502. Generally, the platform specific MDMconfiguration 800 uses other MDM platform specific clients that need tobe installed on the mobile device and use various APIs to getconfiguration updates and report status to the MDM server 804 or thecloud node 502.

Referring to FIGS. 9-14 , in various exemplary embodiments, graphicaluser interfaces (GUI) illustrate screen shots of an MDM provisioningplatform. As described herein, the cloud system 500 or the distributedsecurity system 100 may provide a cloud-based MDM system and method.Since the cloud nodes 502 and/or the processing nodes 110 act as proxiesfor the mobile device 550, they can log all traffic and concurrentlyprovide MDM functionality. Each of the cloud system 500 or thedistributed security system 100 has a management system. For example,the distributed security system 100 has the user interface front-end130. The cloud system 500 may have a similar function. Specifically, themanagement system provides an administrator with a consolidated view formanaging and provisioning the cloud system 500 and the distributedsecurity system 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the cloud-based MDMsystem and method may include an integrated dashboard such as throughthe management system, the user interface front-end 130, a web serverassociated with the cloud nodes 502, and the like. This integrateddashboard may be utilized by the administrator to define configurations,policy, security, provisioning, etc. of the mobile devices 550.Furthermore, the integrated dashboard may provide transaction logs,alerts, reports, etc. related to MDM of the mobile devices 550.

FIGS. 9-14 illustrate exemplary screen shots of the integrateddashboard. FIG. 9 is a GUI representing general settings, such as devicename, a setting for allowing non-provisionable devices, and a settingfor refresh interval. For example, the GUIs are examples using MicrosoftExchange ActiveSync. The refresh interval is a setting to determine howoften the mobile device 550 communicates with the MDM server 804 or thecloud node 502 to receive updates. FIG. 10 is a GUI representingpassword related settings for the mobile device 550. Here, theadministrator can make various settings as described herein related tothe password of the mobile device 550. FIG. 11 is a GUI representingsynchronization settings. Here, the administrator can make varioussettings for synchronizing the mobile device 550 to an Exchange serveror some other mail server. FIG. 12 is a GUI representing devicesettings. Here, the administrator can define policy related to themobile device 550 usages of various items, e.g. camera, etc. FIG. 13 isa GUI representing device application settings. Here, the administratorcan define usage policy related to the mobile device 550. Finally, FIG.14 is a GUI representing other settings. In an exemplary embodiment, theother settings may include a list of allowed applications/blockedapplications. The administrator may prohibit or allow the use ofspecifically enumerated applications.

Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16 , in various exemplary embodiments, GUIsillustrate screen shots of reporting and graphing associated with thecloud-based MDM system and method. FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary listof the mobile device 550 under the management of the cloud-based MDMsystem and method. This list may include various attributes, user ID,user name, device type, etc., and may be sorted by any column. The listmay allow sort, search, and ability to apply pre-defined policy profilesto selected users. Further, an administrator may click on a particularuser to drill down into more details. The list may provide a convenientmethod of applying policy to multiple mobile devices 550 simultaneously.Further, the cloud-based MDM system and method contemplate locationbased policies—even on Apple devices. Here, the mobile devices 550 maybe set for different policies based on which cloud node 502 they areconnected through. This may be provisioned through the list or throughanother GUI. FIG. 16 illustrates a graph associated with the cloud-basedMDM system and method. That is, the integrated dashboard may include areporting tab which provides the administrator with an ability to doreporting, tracking, etc. In FIG. 16 , a pie chart illustrates adivision of types of mobile devices 550 associated with the cloud-basedMDM system and method. The cloud-based MDM system and method can providenumerous reports, such as the number of devices by platform that havechecked in over a period of time, number of missing devices by platformthat have not checked in, etc. Further, the cloud-based MDM system andmethod contemplate an ability to drill down to gather further details ondevices, history, etc.

As described herein, the cloud-based MDM system and method contemplateMDM management through the cloud thereby reducing or eliminating theneed for external equipment, software, etc. to provide MDM. With thecloud, policies may be dynamic, adaptable based on individual userbehavior, aggregate user behavior, user location, etc. Specifically, thecloud enables IT administrators to see a global view. For example, if anew mobile application is introduced that has perilous effect on theenterprise, the administrator can block this mobile application acrossall mobile devices 550 in a single step. The cloud-based MDM furtherprovides flexibility to IT administrators allowing prevention of dataleakage across mobile devices, and the like. The cloud can protectdifferent mobile devices across different networks in a singleintegrated fashion. The cloud is pervasive and up-to-date with respectto security threats. The cloud by nature is distributed enabling accessacross the enterprise, i.e. HQ as well as road warrior employees. Thecloud provides a quick rollout, low maintenance, and low cost ofownership for the enterprise. Finally, the cloud is inherently resilientand scalable.

Referring to FIGS. 17A and 17B, in an exemplary embodiment, a network1700 illustrates an exemplary implementation of the present inventionwith one or more mobile devices 400 communicatively coupled to anexternal network 1710 (e.g., the Internet) via the distributed securitysystem 100, the cloud system 500, or the like. In particular, the mobiledevices 400 may include any of the aforementioned mobile devicesdescribed herein. The distributed security system 100, the cloud system500, or any other cloud-based system is configured to provide real-time,continuous inspection of mobile data transactions while not impactingperformance. Further, the distributed security system 100, the cloudsystem 500, etc. advantageously is platform-independent allowing themobile devices 400 to be any type of device, platform, operating system,etc. while providing a consistent level of protection. In an exemplaryembodiment, the mobile devices 400 are communicatively coupled to thedistributed security system 100, such as, for example, via theprocessing nodes 110 or to the cloud system 500 via the cloud nodes 502.Note, the mobile devices 400 may access the distributed security system100, the cloud system 500, etc. via a service provider's wirelessnetwork, via a Wi-Fi hotspot, via a wired connection, etc. Each of themobile devices 400 may include an application, configuration settings,operating system settings, and combinations thereof that configured themobile device 400 to communicate through to the distributed securitysystem 100, the cloud system 500, etc.

In FIG. 17A, the distributed security system 100, the cloud system 500,etc. is configured to act as a gatekeeper with respect to trafficforwarded from the mobile device 400 to the network 1710 and for trafficforward from the network 1710 to the mobile device 400. In particular,the system 100, 500 is configured to enforce policy guidelines withrespect to traffic from the mobile device 400 to the network 1710. Asdescribed herein, policy refers to a set of use guidelines associatedwith the mobile device 400. Exemplary policies may include, but notlimited to, data usage, time-of-day, location (work vs. off-site), usingsocial networking sites, operating a particular application, black listof websites, and the like. The system 100, 500 may enforce policy in avariety of ways including blocking non-compliant traffic and displayinga notification on the mobile device 400, alerting an administrator 1720,and the like. For example, the administrator 1720 of the system 100, 500may interact with the system 100, 500 to define policy guidelines aswell as to receive reports from the system 100, 500 associated with themobile devices 400. Concurrent with the policy enforcement, the system100, 500 may also inspect content from the network 1710 for maliciouscontent (e.g., malware, spyware, viruses, email spam, etc.) and blockingsuch content from the mobile device 400.

Thus, the implementation of the network 1700 provides a cloud-basedsecurity system to the mobile devices 400 that is user, location, andplatform independent. There is no requirement for external software onthe mobile device 400 other than configuration settings that instructthe mobile device 400 to communicate data through the system 100, 500.In an exemplary embodiment, the mobile device 400 is configured tosolely communicate data traffic through the system 100, 500 while voicetraffic is handled directly with an end service provider. The network1700 offers a seamless solution that works independent of platform,requires no updates on the mobile device, filtering and policyenforcement is performed in the cloud, etc. In another exemplaryembodiment, the network 1700 may provide IT administrators an ability tomonitor and prevent specific applications on the mobile devices 400.This may prevent unacceptable or risky applications.

The network 1700 enforces policy in the cloud, not on the mobile device400. This means all network content is scanned, both browser andapplication generated web traffic, to ensure that malicious content isblocked in the cloud—long before it reaches the mobile device 400, orthe corporate network. Unlike other mobile security solutions thatrequire platform-specific applications to be installed on every device,the present invention works seamlessly across mobile platforms,including iPhones, iPads, and Android devices, for example.Advantageously, the present invention requires no signature updates onthe mobile device 400 and provides real-time inspection in the cloud forevery web or data transaction, regardless of whether it came from abrowser or from an application installed on the device. Further, thepresent invention runs in the cloud and has no impact on the mobiledevice's performance, battery life, or processing resources. Also, thesystem 100, 500 may provide real-time logs and reports for any user,from any location, on any device, at any time.

FIG. 17B illustrates a network diagram of the network 1700 showing themobile devices 400 connected to the system 100, 500 via a serviceprovider network 1730. The system 100, 500 is an intermediary betweenthe mobile devices 400 and the network 1710, e.g. the Internet. Theservice provider network 1730 may include any network by which themobile devices 400 obtain connectivity including, for example, awireless carrier (3G, 4G, LTE, WIMAX, etc.), a wireless hotspot (IEEE802.11), an ad hoc connection, a wired connection, etc. In an exemplaryembodiment, the mobile devices 400 may connect over the service providernetwork 1730 using a secure VPN tunnel to the system 100, 500. Inanother exemplary embodiment, the mobile devices 400 may connect overthe service provider network 1730 using a HyperText Transfer Protocol(HTTP) proxy. The network administrator 1720 is connected to the system100, 500 via the service provider network 1730, via the network 1710,directly, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 18 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flow chartillustrates a mobile device use method 1800 for using a cloud-basedsecurity system with a mobile device. The method 1800 may, for example,be implemented in the network 900 such as through the mobile device 400and the system 100, 500 (or alternatively any cloud-based system). Thesteps are shown in FIG. 18 are each process that can be executedindependently and concurrently as appropriate. First, an enterprise orthe like pushes a mobile profile and/or application on an end user'smobile device (step 1802). In an exemplary embodiment, the push includespushing configuration settings on the mobile device such that datatraffic flows through the cloud-based security system. This may includean HTTP Proxy, a VPN between the mobile device and the cloud-basedsystem, from devices in a carrier or service provider's network to thecloud-based system, from a Wi-Fi network to the cloud-based system, etc.For example, a specific operating system associated with the mobiledevice 400 may natively support such configurations. Alternatively, anapplication may be pushed onto the mobile device 400 to provide such aconnection to the cloud-based security system. The mobile profile and/orthe application is installed on the end user's mobile device (step1804). Once installed, the mobile device is configured to connect to anetwork using the mobile profile and/or the application (step 1806).Here, the mobile device is configured such that data communication(e.g., web, email, etc.) is through the cloud-based security system. Thecloud-based security system is configured to provide content inspectionand policy enforcement (step 1808).

Referring to FIG. 19 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flow chartillustrates a mobile application classification method 1900 forclassifying applications associated with mobile devices. The method 1900may, for example, be implemented in the network 1700 such as through themobile device 400 and the system 100, 500 (or alternatively anycloud-based system) or on a device, such as the server 300communicatively coupled to the network 1700. The steps shown in FIG. 19are each process that can be executed independently and concurrently asappropriate. The method 1900 may be utilized for classifyingapplications based on their security and privacy profile and leveragingthe associated data to provide protection and policy enforcement forapplications by leveraging the cloud. First, a plurality of applicationsfor mobile devices is analyzed for various attributes (step 1902). Theapplications may include mobile applications on Apple's App Store,Google's Android Market, and the like. Exemplary attributes may includeapplication creator, category, user-agent strings used by theapplication to communicate over the network, security attributes,privacy attributes, and the like. The purpose of the method 1900 is toclassify each application with an associated score defining risk. Forexample, in one exemplary embodiment, the method 1900 may determine asecurity score and a privacy score for each of the plurality ofapplications (step 1904). These scores may take any form (numerical,alphabetical, etc.). For example, the scores may be based on a numericalrange, e.g. 1-10 where 1 is very secure and 10 is very insecure. Thesescores may define a mobile Application Security Rating (ASR).

In an exemplary embodiment, the security score may be computed basedon 1) a security analysis done for the application, 2) applicationpermissions which determine what the application is capable ofaccessing, 3) reputation of the vendor that created the application, 4)feedback from users, 5) real-time analysis of app behavior in the cloud,and 6) combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the privacyscore may be based on 1) a privacy analysis done for the application, 2)feedback from users of the application around security, 3) real-timeanalysis of app behavior in the cloud, and 4) combinations thereof. Withthis data, a database may be created with the plurality of applicationsand their associated scores and attributes (step 1906). For example, thedatabase may be at a server 300 in the cloud-based system, such as at aprocessing node 110, at an authority node 120, the cloud node 502, orcombinations thereof. This database may be continually or periodicallyupdated (step 1908). For example, the database may be updated as newapplications emerge, as new ratings are determined based on thecloud-based system, etc. Further, the method 1900 is configured toprovide the scores and the attributes on demand as required by thecloud-based system (step 1910). For example, the cloud-based system mayutilize this data in a policy enforcement step, i.e. is a particularapplication requested by a mobile device allowed per policy, does itmeet a minimum threshold for security and/or privacy, will thisapplication interfere with an enterprise network, etc.

Referring to FIG. 20 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flow chartillustrates a mobile device security method 2000 using a cloud-basedsecurity system with a mobile device. The method 2000 may, for example,be implemented by a cloud-based system such as in the network 1700through the mobile device 400 and the system 100, 500 (or alternativelyany cloud-based system). The steps shown in FIG. 20 are each processesthat can be executed independently and concurrently as appropriate. Themethod 2000 assumes the mobile device is configured to operate with thecloud-based system (such as through the method 1800). A cloud-basedsystem receives data from a mobile device (step 2002). As describedherein, the mobile device is configured to communicate data trafficthrough the cloud-based security system. The data may include Webtraffic and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, the data may beforwarded to the cloud-based system through a variety of mechanisms suchas, for example, a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Proxy, a VPNbetween the mobile device and the cloud-based system, from devices in acarrier or service provider's network to the cloud-based system, from aWi-Fi network to the cloud-based system, etc. For example, related to acarrier or service provider's network, a user of the mobile device mayaccess a wireless network, e.g. a 3G/4G network from any of AT&T,Verizon, Sprint, T-Mobile, etc. In this embodiment, the cloud-basedsystem may be configured to directly receive data from the mobile devicewithout requiring an HTTP proxy, VPN, etc.

The cloud-based system is configured to analyze data from the mobiledevice to apply predefined policy (step 2004). As described herein,policy may be broadly defined as any acceptable-use activity defined byan IT administrator, etc. For example, the acceptable-use activity mayinclude blocking use and/or installation of applications based on themobile Application Security Rating, preventing access to blacklisted Websites, data use during specified times (e.g., at work), and the like.The administrator can define policies that block applications based onApplication Security Rating, category, vendor, etc. In another exemplaryembodiment, the data may include a Web request and the cloud-basedsystem may implement the Web Risk Index described herein to determinewhether or not to forward such request. Policies may be defined for acompany, group or user. Appropriate application policies are enforcedinline. For example, applications that are deemed malicious or violatingpolicy can be prevented from being downloaded by the secure web gateway.That is, if the cloud-based system deems the data from the mobile deviceviolates a policy (step 2006), the data may be blocked (step 2008). Inan exemplary embodiment, the data may be blocked and a message may beprovided to the mobile device notifying a user as such.

If the data does not violate a policy (step 2006), the cloud-basedsystem may forward the data to an external network (step 2010). Forexample, the cloud-based system may forward the data to the Internetincluding a designated Web site. Subsequently, the cloud-base system mayreceive a data response from the network for the mobile device based onthe initially forwarded data (step 2012). Upon receipt of the dataresponse, the cloud-based system is configured to inspect the content ofthe data response (step 2014). Here, the cloud-based system isconfigured to provide real-time traffic analysis and enforcement in thecloud. As described herein, the system 100, 500 may provide a securegateway to view all data transactions in real-time and provide contentinspection with respect to malicious content including, but not limitedto, viruses, spyware, malware, Trojans, botnets, spam email, phishingcontent, inappropriate content with respect to policy, blacklistedcontent, and the like. In particular, the cloud-based system isconfigured to determine if the content is valid and/or capable of beingforwarded to the mobile device (step 2016). If the cloud-based systemdetermines for some reason (e.g., malicious content, unapprovedapplication, risky content from a security or privacy perspective,policy violation, etc.), the cloud-based system may block the data fromthe mobile device (step 2008) and potentially notify the user and/or theIT administrator. Alternatively, if the data response is clean and notin violation of any defined policy, the data response from the networkmay be forwarded to the mobile device by the cloud-based system (step2018).

Referring to FIG. 21 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchart andscreen shots illustrate an exemplary operation 2100 of IPsec VPN withcloud-based mobile device security and policy systems and methods.Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a protocol suite for securingInternet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encryptingeach IP packet of a communication session. IPsec also includes protocolsfor establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginningof the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to be used duringthe session. In an exemplary embodiment, the mobile device 400 may usean IPsec VPN to communicate to the system 100, 500. First, anadministrator pushes a mobile configuration profile on/to a mobiledevice (step 2101). In an exemplary embodiment, this push may include atwo dimensional bar code that is input into the mobile device via ascanner, a camera, etc. A user installs the mobile profile on the mobiledevice (step 2102). For example, following the configuration push, theuser may be presented with a screen for the user to confirm or initiateinstallation. The mobile device may automatically connect to theinstalled IPsec VPN on demand (step 2103). For example, the user mayinitiate a connection via a screen to connect to the IPsec VPN.Alternatively, the IPsec VPN may be automatically always on. Finally,security and policy management/enforcement are performed in the cloud(step 2104). For example, a screenshot illustrates a user screen whenthe cloud detects a virus. In lieu of downloading the virus to themobile device, the cloud blocks the content and provides relevantdetails to the user.

Referring to FIG. 22 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchart andscreen shots illustrate an exemplary operation 2200 of Junos PulseSecure Socket Layer (SSL) with cloud-based mobile device security andpolicy systems and methods. Junos Pulse (available from JuniperNetworks, Inc.) for iOS enables secure connectivity over SSL VPN tocorporate applications and data from anywhere, at any time. Using JunosPulse, a user can connect securely to a corporate Juniper Networks SASeries SSL VPN gateway and gain instant access to business applicationsand networked data anywhere. In an exemplary embodiment, the mobiledevice 400 may use a Junos Pulse SSL VPN to communicate to the system100, 500. First, an administrator pushes a mobile configuration profileon/to a mobile device (step 2201). In an exemplary embodiment, this pushmay include a two dimensional bar code that is input into the mobiledevice via a scanner, a camera, etc. A user installs the mobile profileon the mobile device (step 2202). For example, following theconfiguration push, the user may be presented with a screen for the userto confirm or initiate installation. The mobile device may automaticallyconnect to the installed Junos Pulse SSL VPN on demand (step 2203). Forexample, the user may initiate a connection via a screen to connect tothe Junos Pulse SSL VPN. Alternatively, the Junos Pulse SSL VPN may beautomatically always on. Finally, security and policymanagement/enforcement are performed in the cloud (step 2204). Forexample, a screenshot illustrates a user screen when the cloud detects avirus. In lieu of downloading the virus to the mobile device, the cloudblocks the content and provides relevant details to the user.

Referring to FIGS. 23-26 , in various exemplary embodiments, screenshots illustrate security and policy enforcement in the cloud on amobile device. For example, the screenshots may be on the mobile device400 being used with the system 100, 500. In each of FIGS. 23-26 , themobile device with the screen shots is connected to a cloud-basedsecurity system. In FIG. 23 , the mobile device communicates with anexemplary site with a Jailbreak application. Jailbreaking leveragesknown vulnerabilities of a mobile device to unlock the device. At itscore, jailbreaking a mobile device gives access to its root filesystem,allowing modification and installing third-party software components.This gives the user more control over the device and may enable featuresthat were previously unavailable. In many cases, jailbreaking also voidsthe device's warranty. Upon initiating a download of the Jailbreak, thecloud-based security system blocks the content and informs the user thata virus was detected in the web page or file that the user sought todownload. For example, the screenshot may include information related tothe blocked content (e.g., location), a category of the content (e.g.,trojan), the activity taken (e.g., blocked), and contact information forthe defined policy and IT support.

FIG. 24 illustrates two blocked screen shots related to defined policy.For example, a network administrator may define acceptable use andcontent for its users. This may include blocking pornographic sites,gambling sites, social media sites, or any other content. FIG. 25illustrates the mobile device communicating with an exemplary site withCross-site scripting (XSS). Cross-site scripting (XSS) is the mostcommon web application vulnerability encountered today. XSSvulnerabilities can lead to a variety of attacks such as cookie theft,overwriting page content or screen shaping. Cross-site scripting (XSS)is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in webapplications that enable attackers to inject client-side script into webpages viewed by other users. A cross-site scripting vulnerability may beused by attackers to bypass access controls such as the same originpolicy. Upon initiating a download of the XSS (i.e., selecting the StealMy Cookie! Button), the cloud-based security system blocks the contentand informs the user of a Security Notification and that the site orfile was blocked. For example, the screenshot may include informationrelated to the blocked content (e.g., location), a category of thecontent (e.g., possible cookie theft), the activity taken (e.g.,blocked), and contact information for the defined policy and IT support.FIG. 26 illustrates the mobile device communicating with an exemplaryphishing site. Phishing attacks can be even more effective againstmobile devices. The attacks tend to be short-lived and exploit the factthat mobile devices are always connected and have small screens withtouch interfaces. Upon initiating browsing to the phishing site, thecloud-based security system blocks the content and informs the user of aSecurity Notification and that the site or file was blocked. Forexample, the screenshot may include information related to the blockedcontent (e.g., location), a category of the content (e.g., possiblephishing site), the activity taken (e.g., blocked), and contactinformation for the defined policy and IT support.

Referring to FIG. 27 , in an exemplary embodiment, a screenshotillustrates a user interface for a network administrator of acloud-based security system. For example, the screen shot may beassociated with the system 100, 500 and accessed via a networkconnection to the system 100, 500. Through the user interface, thenetwork administrator may define policy and security for individualusers, groups of users, the entire population of users, etc. as well asmanage policy and security. The screen shot of FIG. 27 shows an exampleof a user interface where the network administrator may view, e.g. viavarious filters, security and policy events in the cloud-based securitysystem over a defined period (e.g., the last three hours).

Referring to FIG. 28 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchartillustrates a cloud-based inline Web 2.0 policy enforcement method 2800.The policy enforcement method 2800 may be implemented through thedistributed security system 100, the cloud system 500, and the like forpervasively monitoring user Web 2.0 traffic and enforcing policythereon. A user is communicatively coupled to an external networkincluding Web 2.0 sites 2805 through a cloud node (CN) (step 2810).Note, the policy enforcement method 2800 may operate cooperatively withthe various other systems and methods described herein such as thoserelated to providing user access to the CN for external communicationtherefrom. The CN is configured to obtain Web 2.0 policy information forits associated users from a CA 560, for example (step 2820). The Web 2.0policy information includes information on a per user, per group ofusers, or global basis related to acceptable use, activity, and the likefor Web 2.0 sites. That is, the Web 2.0 policy information defines how auser, group of users, or all users may interact with Web 2.0 sitesthrough the CN. For each user communicatively coupled to the CN, the CNmay obtain the proper policy from the CA. In an exemplary embodiment,the CN obtains a specific policy for the user. In another exemplaryembodiment, the CN obtains a user type, group, etc. of the user andutilizes a policy based thereon for the user.

Importantly, some or all of the user's communication between the Web 2.0sites 2805 is through the CN. In an exemplary embodiment, all of theuser's web traffic is communicated through and processed by the CN. Inthe policy enforcement method 2800, user generated activity iscommunicated through the CN to the Web 2.0 sites 2805, and such usergenerated activity may be allowed and/or blocked per the obtained policy(step 2830). Note, from a directional perspective, the step 2830 is fromthe user to the Web 2.0 sites 2805 through the CN. In an exemplaryembodiment, the CN may allow and/or block certain defined sites of theWeb 2.0 sites 2805. In another exemplary embodiment, the CN may allowand/or block all of the Web 2.0 sites 2805. In yet another exemplaryembodiment, the CN may allow access including browsing of the Web 2.0sites 2805, but block posting or sending of files to the Web 2.0 sites2805. In still yet another exemplary embodiment, the CN may allow accessincluding browsing of the Web 2.0 sites 2805 during certain time periodswhile blocking the Web 2.0 sites 2805 during other time periods. Datafrom the Web 2.0 sites 2805 to the user is received, inspected, andfiltered per policy at the CN prior to transmission to the user (step2840). Note, from a directional perspective, the steps 2840 is from theWeb 2.0 sites 2805 to the user through the CN. Consistent with thepolicy, the CN may allow and/or block content from the Web 2.0 sites2805. For example, the CN may be configured to inspect all content fromthe Web 2.0 sites 2805 (and any other site) for malicious content suchas malware, viruses, spyware, trojans, and the like. Such maliciouscontent may be discovered and blocked by the CN before delivery to theuser. Additionally, the CN may apply special filters to the Web 2.0sites 2805 such as blocking certain types of traffic (e.g., video,multimedia content).

Finally, a cloud system log is configured to perform transaction loggingfor all user activity to the Web 2.0 sites 2805 (step 2850).Importantly, the CN and the cloud system, while being distributed innature, provide an integrated view of all user activity through the CN.In an exemplary embodiment, this transaction logging provides a unifiedview for an administrator of user activity. Such transaction logs may beused to alert the administrator of particular users spending inordinateamounts of time on the Web 2.0 sites 2805 as well as providing anopportunity for the administrator to tweak policy based on history.

In an exemplary embodiment, the Web 2.0 sites 2805 including websitesrelated to social networking sites, blogs, wikis, video sharing sites,hosted services, web applications, mashups, and the like. For example,the Web 2.0 sites 2805 may include, but are not limited to, Facebook,Linkedin, Plaxo, MySpace, YouTube, Wikipedia, Blogger, WordPress, andthe like. The method 2800 enables unique, customized policies to beapplied to individuals, groups, and/or all users. Additionally, policiesmay further be based on a specific application of the Web 2.0 sites2805. For example, access may be provided to business applications ofthe Web 2.0 sites 2805 while blocked to social applications of the Web2.0 sites 2805. This may include enabling access to Linkedin whilepreventing access to MySpace. Additionally, the cloud bases systems andmethods may control which apps a user may locally install and/oroperate, such apps being associated with the Web 2.0 sites 2805.

Referring to FIG. 29 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchartillustrates a cloud-based Web 2.0 post policy with quarantine method2900. Similar to the policy enforcement method 2800, the quarantinemethod 2900 may be implemented through the distributed security system100, the cloud system 500, and the like for pervasively monitoring userWeb 2.0 traffic and enforcing policy thereon. Also, similar to thepolicy enforcement method 2800, the quarantine method 2900 may operatecooperatively with the various other systems and methods describedherein such as those related to providing user access to the CN forexternal communication therefrom. Of note, the quarantine method 2900provides detailed, per transaction filtering, monitoring, blocking, etc.to the Web 2.0 sites 2805. A user is communicatively coupled to anexternal network including Web 2.0 sites 2805 through a cloud node (CN)(step 2910). The CN is configured to obtain Web 2.0 policy informationfor its associated users from a CA 560, for example (step 2920). The Web2.0 policy information for the quarantine method 2900 may be the same asfor the policy enforcement method 2800. Additionally, the Web 2.0 policyinformation for the quarantine method 2900 may include additionalinformation such as a list of specific sites to perform quarantine ofuser generated activity and the like. Also, the quarantine method 2900may obtain the Web 2.0 policy information in a similar fashion as thepolicy enforcement method 2800.

As with the policy enforcement method 2800, some or all of the user'scommunication between the Web 2.0 sites 2805 is through the CN in thequarantine method 2900. In an exemplary embodiment, all of the user'sweb traffic is communicated through and processed by the CN. Usergenerated data to the Web 2.0 sites 2805 is sent to a quarantine server2925 (step 2930). The quarantine server 2925 may be communicativelycoupled to the CN or may be part of the CN. In general, the quarantineserver 2925 is an intermediate, waiting point for the user generateddata to the Web 2.0 sites 2805. That is, the CN does not allow the userto directly provide the user generated data to the Web 2.0 sites 2805.In general, the user generated data may include posts, updates, “likes”,pokes, shares, files, pictures, videos, and the like. As administratoris notified of the user generated data and may approve/deny accordingly(step 2940). In an exemplary embodiment, the quarantine server 2925 isconfigured to provide a notification (such as an email with a URL) tothe administrator for the administrator to click through, review theuser generated data, and approve/block accordingly. In another exemplaryembodiment, the quarantine server 2925 may be configured to performautomatic processing on the user generated data. This automaticprocessing may include keyword analysis or other analyses which checkthe veracity, confidentiality, etc. of the user generated data. Forexample, an enterprise may have a policy of freely allowing posts to theWeb 2.0 sites 2805, but may implement the quarantine server 2925 toensure no confidential data leaking occurs.

Once reviewed at the quarantine server 2925, the user is informed of anapproval/denial of the user generated data such as with a read-only URL(step 2950). Here, the user may click the read-only URL and be presentedwith a finalization option, i.e. post or delete the user generated data(step 2960). This provides the user one last opportunity to delete theuser generated data, but the user may not alter the user generated datasince it has already been through the approval process. Once finalized,the CN allows the approved user generated data to be sent and/or postedto the Web 2.0 sites 2805 (step 2970). Finally, a cloud system log isconfigured to perform transaction logging for all user activity to theWeb 2.0 sites 2805 (step 2980). Note, the cloud system log for thequarantine method 2900 may operate similarly as described in the policyenforcement method 2800.

Referring to FIG. 30 , in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchartillustrates a cloud-based inline Web 2.0 policy enforcement with siteagent method 3000. Similar to the policy enforcement method 2800 and thequarantine method 2900, the site agent method 3000 may be implementedthrough the distributed security system 100, the cloud system 500, andthe like along with the end user 220, 230, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550 forpervasively monitoring user Web 2.0 traffic and enforcing policythereon. Also, similar to the policy enforcement method 2800 and thequarantine method 2900, the site agent method 3000 may operatecooperatively with the various other systems and methods describedherein such as those related to providing user access to the CN forexternal communication therefrom. A user is communicatively coupled toan external network including Web 2.0 sites 2805 through a cloud node(CN) (step 3010). The CN is configured to obtain Web 2.0 policyinformation for its associated users from a CA 560, for example. The Web2.0 policy information for the site agent method 3000 may be the same asfor the policy enforcement method 2800 and the quarantine method 2900.Also, the site agent method 3000 may obtain the Web 2.0 policyinformation in a similar fashion as the policy enforcement method 2800and the quarantine method 2900.

As with the policy enforcement method 2800 and the quarantine method2900, some or all of the user's communication between the Web 2.0 sites2805 is through the CN in the site agent method 3000. In an exemplaryembodiment, all of the user's web traffic is communicated through andprocessed by the CN. The user attempts to connect to one of the Web 2.0sites 2805 through the CN (step 3020). The user must locally install asite agent in their profile for access to approved Web 2.0 sites (step3030). In particular, the site agent method 3000 leverages both thecloud and local computing resources to enforce policy relative to theWeb 2.0 sites 2805. In an exemplary embodiment, the CN may determine,based on the communication with the Web 2.0 sites 2805, whether or notthe user has the site agent installed. If the site agent is notinstalled, the CN may perform a push operation to install it thereon.

Once locally installed, the site agent cooperatively with the CNmonitors activity, comments, posts, apps, features, likes, etc.associated with the user and the Web 2.0 sites 2805 (step 3040). Forexample, the site agent may control features and/or apps that may beinstalled or operated by the user. Again, once locally installed, thesite agent may capture user activity and send periodic summaries to theCN or an administrator (step 3050). Note, the site agent may beconfigured to operate in the background continuously while the user isbrowsing content on the external network such as the Web 2.0 sites.Finally, a cloud system log is configured to perform transaction loggingfor all user activity to the Web 2.0 sites 2805 (step 3060). Note, thecloud system log for the site agent method 3000 may operate similarly asdescribed in the policy enforcement method 2800 and the quarantinemethod 2900.

It will be appreciated that some exemplary embodiments described hereinmay include one or more generic or specialized processors (or“processing devices”) such as microprocessors, digital signalprocessors, customized processors and field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs) and unique stored program instructions (including both softwareand firmware) that control the one or more processors to implement, inconjunction with certain non-processor circuits, some, most, or all ofthe functions of the methods and/or systems described herein.Alternatively, some or all functions may be implemented by a statemachine that has no stored program instructions, or in one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), in which each functionor some combinations of certain of the functions are implemented ascustom logic. Of course, a combination of the two approaches may beused. Moreover, some exemplary embodiments may be implemented as anon-transitory computer-readable medium having computer readable codestored thereon for programming a computer, server, appliance, device,etc. each of which may include a processor to perform methods asdescribed and claimed herein. Examples of such computer-readable storagemediums include, but are not limited to, a hard disk, an optical storagedevice, a magnetic storage device, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a PROM(Programmable Read Only Memory), an EPROM (Erasable Programmable ReadOnly Memory), an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read OnlyMemory), a Flash memory, and the like. In particular, the cloud-basedsocial networking policy and compliance systems and methods may includesome or all of the aforementioned components for implementation thereof.

Although the present invention has been illustrated and described hereinwith reference to preferred embodiments and specific examples thereof,it will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art thatother embodiments and examples may perform similar functions and/orachieve like results. All such equivalent embodiments and examples arewithin the spirit and scope of the present invention and are intended tobe covered by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium havingcomputer readable code stored thereon for programming a node in acloud-based system to perform steps of: receiving one or more mobileprofiles for one or more mobile devices each associated with a user froman enterprise; responsive to enrollment of a mobile device of the one ormore mobile devices, communicating to the mobile device; determining anassociated mobile profile of the one or more mobile profiles for themobile device; and configuring the mobile device based on the associatedmobile profile.
 2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim1, wherein the configuring performs mobile device management (MDM)functions.
 3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1,wherein the enrollment includes installing an application on the mobiledevice.
 4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1,wherein the configuring includes allowing or disallowing variousfunctions implemented locally on the mobile device based on theassociated mobile profile.
 5. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 1, wherein the enterprise is a first enterprise andwherein the cloud-based system is configured to operate with one or moreadditional enterprises.
 6. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 1, wherein the configuring includes determining passwordrequirement on the mobile device.
 7. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein the configuring includesdetermining synchronization settings on the mobile device.
 8. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1, wherein theconfiguring includes determining device settings on the mobile device.9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein thedevice settings include any of removable storage, camera, Wi-Fi,Infrared, sharing, remote desktop, desktop synchronization, andBluetooth.
 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1,wherein the configuring includes determining application settings on themobile device.
 11. A method comprising steps of: receiving one or moremobile profiles for one or more mobile devices each associated with auser from an enterprise; responsive to enrollment of a mobile device ofthe one or more mobile devices, communicating to the mobile device;determining an associated mobile profile of the one or more mobileprofiles for the mobile device; and configuring the mobile device basedon the associated mobile profile.
 12. The method of claim 11, whereinthe configuring performs mobile device management (MDM) functions. 13.The method of claim 11, wherein the enrollment includes installing anapplication on the mobile device.
 14. The method of claim 11, whereinthe configuring includes allowing or disallowing various functionsimplemented locally on the mobile device based on the associated mobileprofile.
 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the enterprise is a firstenterprise and wherein the cloud-based system is configured to operatewith one or more additional enterprises.
 16. The method of claim 11,wherein the configuring includes determining password requirement on themobile device.
 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuringincludes determining synchronization settings on the mobile device. 18.The method of claim 11, wherein the configuring includes determiningdevice settings on the mobile device.
 19. The method of claim 18,wherein the device settings include any of removable storage, camera,Wi-Fi, Infrared, sharing, remote desktop, desktop synchronization, andBluetooth.
 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuring includesdetermining application settings on the mobile device.